Creating custom weapons - basics

This guide is currently incomplete, but it should suffice if you just need the very basics!

If you're here, chances are you're looking to create your own weapons for TF2 Classified. Whether for use against bots or other players, this guide should hopefully help you to start out with creating custom weapons. If it doesn't, consider asking for help in the #modding-discussion channel in the official TF2C Discord.

Creating a custom item schema

Before going over how to create custom weapons, we first need a functional custom item schema to put them into. The item schema is basically a big list that you add all of your items into, and is responsible for defining everything about them. It uses VDF, which is the standard format for storing game-related metadata in Source. If you don't know VDF, don't worry - it won't take long to understand the syntax.

custom_items_game.txt

To begin, create a file named custom_items_game.txt in the <SteamUserDir>\Team Fortress 2 Classified\tf2classified\custom\<Mod Name>\scripts\items directory. This is the file that contains all the information regarding your custom weapons. Please note that you cannot have multiple custom_items_game.txt files loaded simultaneously, so any other mod folders that contain them should be placed in tf2classified\custom\disabled to allow the new custom item schema to load.

It should be noted that the custom_items_game.txt method is the simplest and objectively best option for defining custom weapons, as it automatically inherits data from the newest version of the vanilla items_game.txt file. It is possible to override the vanilla item schema with one that contains custom weapons, but this method is not recommended as the overriding file must be manually updated each patch for parity with the vanilla items_game.txt file. For you and your players' sake, use the custom_items_game.txt method only.

Setting up parameters

Shown below are the main parameters that should ideally be included in every single item schema. Copy this exactly into your custom_items_game.txt file.

#base "items_game.txt"

"items_game"
{
	"items"
	{
	}
	"prefabs"
	{
	}
	"attributes"
	{
	}
}

Explanation

base "items_game.txt"

This line is responsible for merging the data from the custom item schema into TF2C's main item schema. Without this, TF2C's items, prefabs and attributes will fail to load.

"items_game"

The parameter that contains everything unique to the item schema. Whilst not particularly interesting, it's vital for the item schema to run.

"items"

The parameter that contains items. They must be defined here in order for them to appear in game.

"prefabs"

The parameter that contains prefabs, which will be explained later.

"attributes"

The parameter that contains attributes, which will also be explained later.

Creating your first weapon

The basics

To function, item entries must be placed in the "items" parameter.

Below is a template item entry that contains the essential parameters for most custom weapons. Values in <> brackets are placeholder values that should be replaced by suitable ones.

"items_game"
{
	"items"
	{
		"<item id>"
		{
			"name"				"<internal name>"
			"item_name"			"<item name>"
			"item_type_name"	"<item type name>"
	
			"item_quality"		"<item name colour>"
	
			"item_logname"		"<dev console name>"
			"item_iconname"		"<icon name>"
	
			"item_class"		"<item class>"
	
			"item_slot"			"<backpack slot>"
			"anim_slot"			"<player model and c_model animations>"

			"bucket"				"<inventory slot override>"
			"bucket_position"		"<inventory subslot override>"
	
			"model_player"			"<view model>"
			"model_world"			"<world model>"
			"image_inventory"		"<backpack icon>"
	
			"attach_to_hands"		"<view model animation type>"

			"used_by_classes"
			{
				"<class>"			"<backpack slot>"
			}

			"attributes"
			{
				"<attribute name>"
				{
					"attribute_class"		"<attribute class>"
					"value"					"<value>"
				}
			}
			"static_attrs"
			{
				"<attribute class>"		"<value>"
			}
			"visuals"
			{
				"<parameter>"			"value"
			}

			"mouse_pressed_sound"		"<backpack select sound>"
			"drop_sound"				"<backpack deselect sound>"
		}
	}
}

Explanation

"<item id>"

The unique ID used by the weapon. This can be any integer from 0 to 65535. Be careful: if shared with another item entry, the custom item schema will fail to load. Try to use random high values (ideally >= 10000) to prevent clashes with vanilla item entries.

"name"

The unique internal identifier used by the weapon. Like "<item id>", the custom item schema will fail to load if it's shared with another entry.

"item_name"

The displayed name of the item, which can either be plaintext or a localised string (e.g. #TF_Weapon_Pistol). If you want to add "The" to the beginning of the name, add the "propername" parameter to the item entry and set the value to 1.

"item_type_name"

The item's type, which is displayed under the name in the description.

"item_logname"

The name used by the weapon when reported in the developer console.

"item_iconname"

The name of the weapon's main killicon. If an invalid icon is pointed to, then the default skull icon will be used instead. Supports SVG icons in resource\svgs\deathnotice and VTF icons defined in scripts\mod_textures.txt and scripts\mod_textures_tf2c.txt.

"item_class"

The item class to be used as a base for your weapon. A list of available item classes can be found here.

"item_slot"

The loadout slot that the weapon is located in. Below is a list of functional "item_slot" values:

primary
secondary
melee
pda
pda2
building
action
utility

"anim_slot"

The third-person and (if applicable) c_model animations to use. If absent, the item will use the default animations for its class. Below is a list of functional "anim_slot" values:

primary
primary2
secondary
secondary2
melee
melee_allclass
pda
pda2
building
item1
item2
item3
item4
passtime_ball
force_not_used

"model_player"

The model used in first person.

"model_world"

The model used in third person. If this parameter is absent from the item entry, the game will automatically use the model defined in the "model_player" parameter.

"image_inventory"

The icon used in the loadout menu and bucket.

"attach_to_hands"

This parameter controls what model's animations are used. If set to 1, the class' c_arms will be used for the animations. If set to 2, the item model's animations will be used instead.

"used_by_classes"

This controls which classes can use the item. Set to 1 to use the loadout slot defined under "item_slot", or set it to a specific loadout slot to get it to appear in that slot for a specific class.

"attributes"

The list of attributes that modify the weapon's behaviour. You can add as many attributes as you'd like, just as long as the attribute class isn't repeated. Some attributes can be condensed into a single line if you wish (e.g. <attribute name> "<value>"), which is helpful for meta-attributes like "hidden separator" and "provide on active" that are repeated often. A list of item attributes can be found here.

"static_attrs"

A variant of "attributes" that should only be used for attributes like "min_viewmodel_offset".

"visuals"

This parameter allows you to change the item's effects, like sounds and tracers. This will be explained in more detail later.

"mouse_pressed_sound"

The sound to play when the item is selected in a loadout grid.

"drop_sound"

The sound to play when the item is selected in a class' loadout screen.

Example

Below is an example item entry for a custom Pistol with a clip size bonus, a damage penalty and the Winger's fire sounds. Copy it and give modifying it a go to get a feel for making items. If you're looking for models and soundscripts, try using HLMV++ and/or Hammer ++, or look at item entries in TF2 and TF2C's item schemas.

"items_game"
{
	"items"
	{
		"10000"	// Custom Pistol
		// You can add comments to your item schema with double slashes!
		{
			"name"				"CUSTOM_PISTOL_TEST"
			"item_name"			"Custom Pistol"
			"item_type_name"	"#TF_Weapon_Pistol"
	
			"item_logname"		"pistol_test"
			"item_iconname"		"pistol"
	
			"item_class"		"tf_weapon_pistol"
	
			"item_slot"			"secondary"
			"anim_slot"			"secondary"
	
			"model_player"		"models/weapons/v_models/v_pistol_scout.mdl"
			"model_world"		"models/weapons/w_models/w_pistol.mdl"
			"image_inventory"	"backpack/weapons/w_models/w_pistol"
	
			"attach_to_hands"	"2"

			"used_by_classes"
			{
				"scout"			"1"
			}

			"attributes"
			{
				"clip size bonus"
				{
					"attribute_class"	"mult_clipsize"
					"value"				"2"
				}
				"damage penalty"
				{
					"attribute_class"	"mult_dmg"
					"value"				"0.67"
				}
			}
			"static_attrs"
			{
				"min_viewmodel_offset"	"10 0 -10"
			}
			"visuals"
			{
				"sound_single_shot"		"Weapon_Winger.Single"
				"sound_burst"			"Weapon_Winger.SingleCrit"
			}

			"mouse_pressed_sound"		"ui/item_light_gun_pickup.wav"
			"drop_sound"				"ui/item_light_gun_drop.wav"
		}
	}
}

Here's how the description looks in game:

Attributes

Adding item attributes

As mentioned above, the Custom Pistol has two attributes: a clip size bonus and a damage penalty, which gives it a clip size of 24 and a base damage of 10. It's a bit boring, so how about we spice things up a bit?

"items_game
{
	"items"
	{
		"<item ID>"
		{
			<...>
			"attributes"
			{
				"damage bonus"
				{
					"attribute_class"	"mult_dmg"
					"value"				"1.33"
				}
				"clip size penalty"
				{
					"attribute_class"	"mult_clipsize"
					"value"				"0.5"
				}
				"can headshot"
				{
					"attribute_class"	"can_headshot"
					"value"				"1"
				}
			}
			<...>
		}
	}
}

Now, the Custom Pistol instead has a damage bonus and a clip size penalty, resulting in 20 base damage and a clip size of 6. More importantly though, the "can headshot" attribute has given it the ability to deal crits on headshot. Pretty cool, eh?

Let's see how the description looks in game:

Making custom attributes

Oh dear. It seems the "can headshot" attribute lacks a description string, and is therefore hidden. This, of course, isn't ideal for stat clarity, so how exactly do we go about fixing this?

Remember the "attributes" parameter explained here? Well, it's time to put it to good use!

"items_game"
{
	<...>
	"attributes"
	{
		"40000"
		{
			"name"					"can headshot VISIBLE"
			"attribute_class"		"can_headshot"
			"description_format"	"value_is_additive"
			"stored_as_integer"		"1"

			"description_string"	"#Attrib_RevolverUseHitLocations"
		}
	}
}

In your "attributes" parameter (the one with the same indentation as "items" and "prefabs" - I know, it's confusing), paste the above attribute. This is a copy of the "can headshot" attribute that's been simplified for this tutorial.

The "description_string" parameter is responsible for the stats displayed in an item's description. Here, it's been set to the plaintext "Crits on headshot", which means that it won't be affected by language. Thankfully, in this instance, there's a suitable localised string that can be used instead to ensure that it's understandable to a wider range of people.

By setting the value to #Attrib_RevolverUseHitLocations (the localised string used by the Ambassador's headshot attribute), the same text will be displayed, but will now also be localised to the user's language.

After replacing the Custom Pistol's "can headshot" attribute with the newly created "can headshot VISIBLE", here's how it should look in game:

Now we're getting somewhere! There's still a couple of issues that we need to fix though, so let's go through how to do that.

The first problem is the position of the attribute in the description. In order from top to bottom, item descriptions should always list neutral (white) stats first, then positive (blue) stats, and finally negative (red) stats, with informational text like "This weapon will reload when not active" and "Can be defused by the Wrench" being positioned at the very end.

"items_game"
{
	"items"
	{
		"<item ID>"
		{
			<...>
			"attributes"
			{
				"can headshot VISIBLE"
				{
					"attribute_class"	"can_headshot"
					"value"				"1"
				}
				"damage bonus"
				{
					"attribute_class"	"mult_dmg"
					"value"				"1.33"
				}
				"clip size penalty"
				{
					"attribute_class"	"mult_clipsize"
					"value"				"0.5"
				}
			}
			<...>
		}
	}
}

By moving the "can headshot VISIBLE" attribute to the top, it also moves it to the top of the item's description.

The second problem is the text colour. Crits on headshot is undeniably an upside, so it should be coloured blue to reflect that.

"items_game"
{
	<...>
	"attributes"
	{
		"40000"
		{
			"name"					"can headshot VISIBLE"
			"attribute_class"		"can_headshot"
			"description_format"	"value_is_additive"
			"stored_as_integer"		"1"
			
			"description_string"	"#Attrib_RevolverUseHitLocations"
			"effect_type"			"positive"
		}
	}
}

By adding "effect_type" "positive" to the "can headshot VISIBLE" attribute, we can set the colour to the same blue as other positive attributes. If you want an attribute to be displayed as negative, simply replace "positive" with "negative". The same goes for neutral attributes - replace "positive" with "neutral".

Here's the result:

Models

c_models

What's that? You want to change the model too? Well, with the base selection of models in Classified, there's only one that works with "attach_to_hands" "2" - the Pistol model that we're currently using. However, what about TF2's c_models?

"items_game"
{
	"items"
	{
		"<item ID>"
		{
			<...>
			"item_logname"		"pistol_test"
			"item_iconname"		"winger"

			"item_class"		"tf_weapon_pistol"

			"item_slot"			"secondary"
			"anim_slot"			"secondary"

			"model_player"		"models/workshop/weapons/c_models/c_winger_pistol/c_winger_pistol.mdl"
			"image_inventory"	"backpack/workshop/weapons/c_models/c_winger_pistol/c_winger_pistol"

			"attach_to_hands"	"1"

			"used_by_classes"
			{
				"scout"			"1"
				"engineer"		"1"
			}
			<...>
		}
	}
}

Here, the parameters have been adjusted for c_model animations. With "attach_to_hands" set to 1, the Custom Pistol will use the secondary animations from the class' c_arms - in this case, the Scout's pistol animations. This allows for pistol c_models like the Winger's to be used without visual bugs.

Here's how it looks in game:

Class-specific v_models

If your item is multi-class and uses the c_models system, you don't need to worry about changing the model between classes. However, if the item uses the v_models system, you should change the model used between classes so that the animations don't look off. The question is: how do you get them to change between classes?

The answer lies with the "model_player_per_class" parameter.

"items_game"
{
	"items"
	{
		"<item ID>"
		{
			<...>
			"model_player_per_class"
			{
				"engineer"	"models/weapons/v_models/v_pistol_engineer.mdl"
				"scout"		"models/weapons/v_models/v_pistol_scout.mdl"
			}
			<...>
		}
	}
}

By adding this to the first version of the Custom Pistol, you can change the v_model used by each class, allowing you to have the weapon on both Scout and Engineer without making them share animations.

Testing

Loading into a map

To get the custom item schema to load, boot up any map. Once you do, the weapon should appear in the loadout grid.

Making changes

If you make changes to the custom item schema, use the command cl_reload_item_schema to show the changes in game. sv_reload_item_schema can also be used to update the custom item schema for the whole server in multiplayer.

Modifying vanilla weapons

This section will potentially include a different method for editing vanilla weapons that isn't widely used. In the meantime, please do not write any other methods here, and use this method with caution if you plan on editing vanilla weapons.

To modify vanilla items, you can include blank item entries in your custom schema with the same IDs as the ones you want to edit. From there, simply add new parameters, and they will merge with the original item's in game. If the same parameter or attribute is in both the vanilla item entry and the copy, then the copy's version will take priority.

When attempting to override a item entry with the baseitem parameter, you may have noticed that every other item with it disappears. To counteract this, include a blank copy of any base item you haven't modified in your custom item schema. It should be noted that any base items added to the vanilla item schema in updates must also be added to your custom schema, otherwise they will fail to appear in game. However, this is a rare occurrence, so constant maintenance won't be necessary.

Below is an example custom_items_game.txt file that contains empty copies of every item with the baseitem parameter as of 3.0.0.

#base "items_game.txt"

"items_game"
{
	"items"
	{
		"0" // Bat
		{
		}
		"1" // Bottle
		{
		}
		"2" // Fire Axe
		{
		}
		"3" // Kukri
		{
		}
		"4" // Knife
		{
		}
		"5" // Fists
		{
		}
		"6" // Shovel
		{
		}
		"7" // Wrench
		{
		}
		"8" // Bonesaw
		{
		}
		"9" // Shotgun (Engineer)
		{
		}
		"10" // Shotgun (Soldier)
		{
		}
		"11" // Shotgun (Heavy)
		{
		}
		"12" // Shotgun (Pyro)
		{
		}
		"13" // Scattergun
		{
		}
		"14" // Sniper Rifle
		{
		}
		"15" // Minigun
		{
		}
		"16" // SMG
		{
		}
		"17" // Syringe Gun
		{
		}
		"18" // Rocket Launcher
		{
		}
		"19" // Grenade Launcher
		{
		}
		"20" // Stickybomb Launcher
		{
		}
		"21" // Flame Thrower
		{
		}
		"22" // Pistol (Engineer)
		{
		}
		"23" // Pistol (Scout)
		{
		}
		"24" // Revolver
		{
		}
		"25" // PDA: Teleporter (Construction PDA)
		{
		}
		"26" // Destruction PDA
		{
		}
		"27" // Disguise Kit
		{
		}
		"28" // Builder (Toolbox)
		{
		}
		"29" // Medi Gun
		{
		}
		"30" // Invis Watch
		{
		}
		"735" // Sapper
		{
		}
		"1132" // Spellbook Magazine (Halloween)
		{
		}
		"1152" // Grappling Hook (Mannpower)
		{
		}
		"1155" // PASS Time Jack (PASS Time)
		{
		}
		"2000" // Umbrella
		{
		}
	}
}

List of useful attributes

The table below lists generally useful attributes from this page.

ID	Name	Description	Value Type	Class	Notes
43	scattergun no reload single	Attrib_Scattergun_NoReloadSingle	additive	set_scattergun_no_reload_single	Hidden
128	provide on active	When weapon is active	additive	provide_on_active
280	override projectile type		additive	set_scattergun_no_reload_single	Hidden Changes the projectile type of the weapon
298	mod ammo per shot	Per Shot: -%s1 ammo	additive	mod_ammo_per_shot
303	mod max primary clip override		additive	mod_max_primary_clip_override	Hidden
551	special taunt		additive	special_taunt	Hidden
674	class select override vcd	Attrib_Class_Select_Override_VCD	additive	class_select_override_vcd	Hidden
675	custom projectile model		additive	custom_projectile_model	Hidden Supports Rockets, Pipes, Stickies and Tranquillizer Darts
796	min_viewmodel_offset		additive	min_viewmodel_offset	Hidden Used for "tf_use_min_viewmodels 1" to shift the viewmodel's position
2029	allowed in medieval mode			allowed_in_medieval_mode	Hidden
2058	meter_label			meter_label	Hidden
5011	extra wearable bodygroup toggle active		additive	extra_wearable_bodygroup_toggle_active	Hidden
5048	custom hand viewmodel		additive	custom_hand_viewmodel	Hidden Uses a string
5129	mod burstfire	Sentry Gun turns +%s1% faster	additive	mod_burstfire	Note: Uses Wrong Localization string
5135	hidden separator			hidden_separator	All attributes in a weapon after this one will be hidden from the tooltip.
5157	passive reload holstered	Passively reloads ammo while holstered	additive	passive_reload_holstered
5194	hide ammo hud		additive	hide_ammo_hud	Hidden
5199	banned in medieval mode		additive	banned_in_medieval_mode	Hidden
5201	custom disguise sound		additive	custom_disguise_sound	Hidden
5228	mod ammo per reload		additive	mod_ammo_per_reload	Hidden
5229	set reload single		additive	set_reload_single
5230	Reload time start		inverted percentage	mult_reload_time_start
5231	Reload time refill		inverted percentage	mult_reload_time_refill
5249	mod use custom ammo type		additive	mod_use_custom_ammo_type	Hidden Modes: 1 = Primary Ammo 2 = Secondary Ammo 3 = Metal 4 = Grenades1 5 = Grenades2
5252	set sentry bullet		additive	set_sentry_bullet	Hidden Value is the projectile index from "override_projectile_type"
5253	set sentry rocket		additive	set_sentry_rocket	Hidden Value is the projectile index from "override_projectile_type"
5254	weapon exclusive to holiday		additive	weapon_exclusive_to_holiday	Hidden Modes: 1 = TF Birthday 2 = Halloween 3 = Christmas 4 = End of the Line 5 = Invasion 6 = Valentines 7 = Pyromania 8 = Full Moon 9 = Halloween OR Full Moon 10 = Halloween OR Full Moon OR Valentines 11 = April Fools 12 = Soldier Day (Rick May Passing) 13 = Summer
5256	mod projectiles per shot		additive	mod_projectiles_per_shot
5263	mod set banner flag model		additive	mod_set_banner_flag_model	Hidden
5264	custom banner sound		additive	custom_banner_sound	Hidden
5268	auto jumping	Wearer can automatically jump by holding the jump button	additive	auto_jumping
5270	always draw tracer		additive	mod_always_draw_tracer_effect	Hidden Value is frequency, 1 being always
5271	never draw tracer		additive	mod_never_draw_tracer_effect	Hidden
5272	duck jumping	Wearer can jump while crouching	additive	duck_jumping
???	N/A	N/A	N/A	custom_magazine_model	Requires custom attribute

See also

• Creating custom weapons - advanced
• Creating custom weapons - VScript
• List of TF2C item attributes
• List of TF2C item classes
• List of TF2C weapon assets
• List of TF2C conditions
• List of TF2C projectile IDs